What is radiofrequency ablation?
Radiofrequency ablation of nerves is a procedure that may be used to reduce certain kinds of chronic pain by preventing transmission of pain signals. It is a safe procedure in which a portion of nerve tissue is heated to cause an interruption in pain signals and reduce pain in that area. This procedure is sometimes called radiofrequency lesioning.
What happens during the procedure?
When the procedure is to begin, an IV will be started. This will allow the use of medications to help sedate you and make the procedure more comfortable. It is also important to have IV access for medications if you should have an allergic reaction during the procedure. You should be awake for the procedure to help the doctor with correct placement of the electrode used for radiofrequency ablation. You will not be given a general anesthetic. The area to be treated will be cleaned and then numbed with a local anesthetic. Using x-ray guidance, the doctor will place the needle in the proper facet joint. A microelectrode is then placed inside the needle. A small radiofrequency current is then sent to the medial branch nerve of the joint capsule for approximately 60 to 90 seconds. The procedure is done with sterile technique to minimize the risk of infection. After the procedure, you will be taken to a recovery area. The nurses will monitor you and be sure you do not have an allergic reaction. You will be allowed to leave once you are stable.
This procedure takes between 20 minutes to 1 hour or longer depending on how many, and which, nerves are being blocked. If the nerve that is blocked is not the nerve that is causing the pain, your pain will not be reduced.
What should I expect after surgery?
Immediately following the procedure, you may have some relief of pain from the numbing medication used during the procedure. You will not be able to drive or do any physical activity for 24 hours. You may experience an increase in pain for the first several days following the procedure. You may also note some swelling and bruising where the needle was inserted. Using a cold pack may ease the discomfort. Occasionally infection or bleeding can occur at the site of the procedure. If you have a fever of 101 degrees or greater, chills or redness or drainage at the treatment site, call your doctor. The degree of pain relief varies from person to person. The maximum decrease in pain may take up to 3 or more weeks to occur. You can eventually expect 50 percent or greater pain relief. Pain relief can last from 6 to 12 months or even longer. The nerves do repair themselves and your pain may return. The procedure may be done again.